Diet and digestion test (basic)

You scored 8 out of 8
1. Which statement about proteins is correct?
You said: They are made from amino acids and are used for growth and repair.
Correct.
2. RDA for protein is calculated using this equation: RDA in g = 0.75 × body mass in kg. What is the RDA for an 80 kg person?
You said: 60 g
Correct.
3. BMI is calculated using this equation: BMI = mass in kg ÷ (height in m)2. What is the BMI of an 80 kg person who is 2 m tall?
You said: 20
Correct.
4. A person with a BMI of 18 is likely to be:
You said: Underweight.
Correct.
5. Food passes along the gut by:
You said: Waves of muscle contractions.
Correct.
6. What do lipases digest?
You said: Fats.
Correct.
7. Which statement about bile is correct?
You said: It is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
Correct.
8. Which statement about bile is correct?
You said: It is alkaline and emulsifies fats.
Correct.

Exam unit 1: levels of organisation

1. Explica per què es considera la cèl·lula la unitat fonamental dels éssers vius
Per què tots els éssers vius estan
formats per cèl·lules.

2. Escriu el nom dels orgànuls i de les parts de les cèl·lules eucariotes que es corresponen amb les funcions proposades

Digestió ..................lysosomes................

Locomoció centrosome and cilia and flagella

Magatzem de nutrients ............... ........................

Fotosíntesi .................chloroplast..................

Síntesi de proteïnes .............ribosomes........................

Suport de la cèl·lula ..................... ..................

3. Fes una llista dels aparells i sistemes que formen el cos humà. Quines són els tres funcions vitals dels éssers vius? Quins aparells i sistemes participen en cadascuna d'elles. ( contesta al full apart.)

Digestive apparatus, respiratory apparatus, circulatory appartatus, excretory apparatus, nervious system, endocrine system, reproductive apparatus, locomotion apparatus.

Nutrition(respiratory apparatus, digestive apparatus, circulatory apparatus, excretory apparatus), reproduction(reproductive apparatus, locomotion apparatus), relation(nervious system, endocrine system)

4. Relaciona els termes següents (escriu a la dreta de la segona columna què són):

Bacterium

1) Cell Heart =3

2) Tissue Onion Epidermis =2

3) Organ Red blood cell =1

4) Apparatus (organ system) A cat =5

5) Organism Nervous system =4

A potato plant =5

5. Indica si són veritables (V) o falses (F) les afirmacions següents.

The bigger animals have bigger cells than the smaller animals. (F)

There are no organisms made up of only one cell.(F)

Bacteria have no nucleus(F)

The shape of cells is very varied.(V)

Vegetables are made up of procaryotic cells.(V)

All eucaryotic cells have cell organelles.(V)

Procaryotic cells have got a cytoplasm.(V)

We usually measure the length of a cell in centimetres.(F)

6. Explain the most important differences between the two main kinds of cells:

·Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, bound by a double membrane. Prokaryotic cells have no
nucleus
·Eukaryotic DNA is linear; prokaryotic DNA is circular (it has no ends).
·Both cell types have many, many ribosomes, but the ribosomes of the eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than those of the prokaryotic cell.
·The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is filled with a large, complex collection of organelles, many of them enclosed in their own membranes; the prokaryotic cell contains no membrane-bound organelles which are independent of the plasma membrane.

Write down any other additional difference between them that it is worth mentioning.

8. Com es classifiquen els teixits del cos humà? Fes-ne un esquema o explica els quatre tipus bàsics de teixits i les seves diferents classes.

Covering: · epithelial- protection- skin, blood vessels, interior of organs.
· glandular- secretion- glands, glandular epithelium of the intestine.
Connectings: · conjunctive- union- all the body.
· adipose- reserve and insulation- all the body.
· cartilaginous- skeleton- ears, inter-vertebrae disc, tracheal rings, etc.
· bone- skeleton- skeleton.
· blood- transport- all the body
Muscular: · smooth- movement- internal organs.
· striated- movement- skeletal muscles.
· cardiac- movement- heart
Nerve: · information and responses- nervous system

9. Label the illustration:

1-celular membrane

2-vesicles

3-golgi apparatus

4-ribosomes

5-endoplastic reticulum

9-nucleus

10-endoplastic reticulum

11-centrosome

12-cytoplasm

13-lysosomes

14-cilia and fagella

Cells

Search what procaryotic and eucaryotic cells have in common.
· Both have the same genetic material
· Both are covered by a cell membrane.
· Both contain RNA.
· Both are made from the same basic chemicals: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid,
minerals, fats and vitamins.
· Both have ribosomes (the structures on which proteins are made).
· Both regulate the flow of the nutrients and wastes that enter and leave them.
· Both have similar basic metabolism (life processes) like photosynthesis and reproduction.
· Both require a supply of energy.
· Both are highly regulated by elaborate sensing systems ("chemical noses”) that make them
aware of the reactions within them and the environment around them.



What are the differences?
·Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, bound by a double membrane. Prokaryotic cells have no
nucleus
·Eukaryotic DNA is linear; prokaryotic DNA is circular (it has no ends).
·Both cell types have many, many ribosomes, but the ribosomes of the eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than those of the prokaryotic cell.
·The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is filled with a large, complex collection of organelles, many of them enclosed in their own membranes; the prokaryotic cell contains no membrane-bound organelles which are independent of the plasma membrane.